北京中科癜风医院好嘛 http://m.39.net/news/ylzx/bjzkhbzy/
点击上方即可 本病属于中医“疫”病范畴,病因为感受“疫戾”之气,各地可根据病情、当地气候特点以及不同体质等情况,参照下列方案进行辨证论治。涉及到超药典剂量,应当在医师指导下使用。
1.医学观察期
临床表现1:乏力伴胃肠不适
推荐中成药:藿香正气胶囊(丸、水、口服液)
临床表现2:乏力伴发热
推荐中成药:金花清感颗粒、连花清瘟胶囊(颗粒)、疏风解毒胶囊(颗粒)
2.临床治疗期(确诊病例)
2.1清肺排毒汤
适用范围:结合多地医生临床观察,适用于轻型、普通型、重型患者,在危重型患者救治中可结合患者实际情况合理使用。
基础方剂:麻黄9g、炙甘草6g、杏仁9g、生石膏15~30g(先煎)、桂枝9g、泽泻9g、猪苓9g、白术9g、茯苓15g、柴胡16g、黄芩6g、姜半夏9g、生姜9g、紫菀9g、冬花9g、射干9g、细辛6g、山药12g、枳实6g、陈皮6g、藿香9g。
服法:传统中药饮片,水煎服。每天一付,早晚各一次(饭后四十分钟),温服,三付一个疗程。
如有条件,每次服完药可加服大米汤半碗,舌干津液亏虚者可多服至一碗。(注:如患者不发热则生石膏的用量要小,发热或壮热可加大生石膏用量)。若症状好转而未痊愈则服用第二个疗程,若患者有特殊情况或其他基础病,第二疗程可以根据实际情况修改处方,症状消失则停药。
处方来源:国家卫生健康委办公厅国家中医药管理局办公室《关于推荐在中西医结合救治新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎中使用“清肺排毒汤”的通知》(国中医药办医政函〔〕22号)。
2.2轻型
(1)寒湿郁肺证
临床表现:发热,乏力,周身酸痛,咳嗽,咯痰,胸紧憋气,纳呆,恶心,呕吐,大便粘腻不爽。舌质淡胖齿痕或淡红,苔白厚腐腻或白腻,脉濡或滑。
推荐处方:生麻黄6g、生石膏15g、杏仁9g、羌活15g、葶苈子15g、贯众9g、地龙15g、徐长卿15g、藿香15g、佩兰9g、苍术15g、云苓45g、生白术30g、焦三仙各9g、厚朴15g、焦槟榔9g、煨草果9g、生姜15g。
服法:每日1剂,水煎ml,分3次服用,早中晚各1次,饭前服用。
(2)湿热蕴肺证
临床表现:低热或不发热,微恶寒,乏力,头身困重,肌肉酸痛,干咳痰少,咽痛,口干不欲多饮,或伴有胸闷脘痞,无汗或汗出不畅,或见呕恶纳呆,便溏或大便粘滞不爽。舌淡红,苔白厚腻或薄黄,脉滑数或濡。
推荐处方:槟榔10g、草果10g、厚朴10g、知母10g、黄芩10g、柴胡10g、赤芍10g、连翘15g、青蒿10g(后下)、苍术10g、大青叶10g、生甘草5g。
服法:每日1剂,水煎ml,分2次服用,早晚各1次。
2.3普通型
(1)湿毒郁肺证
临床表现:发热,咳嗽痰少,或有黄痰,憋闷气促,腹胀,便秘不畅。舌质暗红,舌体胖,苔黄腻或黄燥,脉滑数或弦滑。
推荐处方:生麻黄6g、苦杏仁15g、生石膏30g、生薏苡仁30g、茅苍术10g、广藿香15g、青蒿草12g、虎杖20g、马鞭草30g、干芦根30g、葶苈子15g、化橘红15g、生甘草10g。
服法:每日1剂,水煎ml,分2次服用,早晚各1次。
(2)寒湿阻肺证
临床表现:低热,身热不扬,或未热,干咳,少痰,倦怠乏力,胸闷,脘痞,或呕恶,便溏。舌质淡或淡红,苔白或白腻,脉濡。
推荐处方:苍术15g、陈皮10g、厚朴10g、藿香10g、草果6g、生麻黄6g、羌活10g、生姜10g、槟榔10g。
服法:每日1剂,水煎ml,分2次服用,早晚各1次。
2.4重型
(1)疫毒闭肺证
临床表现:发热面红,咳嗽,痰黄粘少,或痰中带血,喘憋气促,疲乏倦怠,口干苦粘,恶心不食,大便不畅,小便短赤。舌红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。
推荐处方:化湿败毒方
基础方剂:生麻黄6g、杏仁9g、生石膏15g、甘草3g、藿香10g(后下)、厚朴10g、苍术15g、草果10g、法半夏9g、茯苓15g、生大黄5g(后下)、生黄芪10g、葶苈子10g、赤芍10g。
服法:每日1~2剂,水煎服,每次ml~ml,一日2~4次,口服或鼻饲。
(2)气营两燔证
临床表现:大热烦渴,喘憋气促,谵语神昏,视物错瞀,或发斑疹,或吐血、衄血,或四肢抽搐。舌绛少苔或无苔,脉沉细数,或浮大而数。
推荐处方:生石膏30~60g(先煎)、知母30g、生地30~60g、水牛角30g(先煎)、赤芍30g、玄参30g、连翘15g、丹皮15g、黄连6g、竹叶12g、葶苈子15g、生甘草6g。
服法:每日1剂,水煎服,先煎石膏、水牛角后下诸药,每次ml~ml,每日2~4次,口服或鼻饲。
推荐中成药:喜炎平注射液、血必净注射液、热毒宁注射液、痰热清注射液、醒脑静注射液。功效相近的药物根据个体情况可选择一种,也可根据临床症状联合使用两种。中药注射剂可与中药汤剂联合使用。
2.5危重型
内闭外脱证
临床表现:呼吸困难、动辄气喘或需要机械通气,伴神昏,烦躁,汗出肢冷,舌质紫暗,苔厚腻或燥,脉浮大无根。
推荐处方:人参15g、黑顺片10g(先煎)、山茱萸15g,送服苏合香丸或安宫牛黄丸。
出现机械通气伴腹胀便秘或大便不畅者,可用生大黄5~10g。出现人机不同步情况,在镇静和肌松剂使用的情况下,可用生大黄5~10g和芒硝5~10g。
推荐中成药:血必净注射液、热毒宁注射液、痰热清注射液、醒脑静注射液、参附注射液、生脉注射液、参麦注射液。功效相近的药物根据个体情况可选择一种,也可根据临床症状联合使用两种。中药注射剂可与中药汤剂联合使用。
注:重型和危重型中药注射剂推荐用法
中药注射剂的使用遵照药品说明书从小剂量开始、逐步辨证调整的原则,推荐用法如下:
病毒感染或合并轻度细菌感染:0.9%氯化钠注射液ml加喜炎平注射液mgbid,或0.9%氯化钠注射液ml加热毒宁注射液20ml,或0.9%氯化钠注射液ml加痰热清注射液40mlbid。
高热伴意识障碍:0.9%氯化钠注射液ml加醒脑静注射液20mlbid。
全身炎症反应综合征或/和多脏器功能衰竭:0.9%氯化钠注射液ml加血必净注射液mlbid。
免疫抑制:葡萄糖注射液ml加参麦注射液ml或生脉注射液20~60mlbid。
2.6恢复期
(1)肺脾气虚证
临床表现:气短,倦怠乏力,纳差呕恶,痞满,大便无力,便溏不爽。舌淡胖,苔白腻。
推荐处方:法半夏9g、陈皮10g、党参15g、炙黄芪30g、炒白术10g、茯苓15g、藿香10g、砂仁6g(后下)、甘草6g。
服法:每日1剂,水煎ml,分2次服用,早晚各1次。
(2)气阴两虚证
临床表现:乏力,气短,口干,口渴,心悸,汗多,纳差,低热或不热,干咳少痰。舌干少津,脉细或虚无力。
推荐处方:南北沙参各10g、麦冬15g、西洋参6g,五味子6g、生石膏15g、淡竹叶10g、桑叶10g、芦根15g、丹参15g、生甘草6g。
服法:每日1剂,水煎ml,分2次服用,早晚各1次。
DiagnosisandTreatmentProtocolforCOVID-19
(TrialVersion7)
TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)treatment
TheCOVID-19belongstoplagueinTCMwiththeetiologyofepidemicfactorexposure.Differentregionscanrefertothefollowingplansforsyndromedifferentiationandtreatment,accordingtothedisease,localclimatecharacteristicsanddifferentconstitutions.Prescriptionswhichexceedmaximumdoseaccordingtopharmacopoeiashouldbeusedundertheguidanceofaphysician.
(1)Medicalobservationperiod
1.1Clinicalmanifestation:fatiguewithgastrointestinaldis Re 1.2Clinicalmanifestation:fatiguewithfever
Re (2)Clinicaltreatmentperiod(confirmedcases)
1)QingfeiPaiduDecoction
Scopeofapplication:inaccordancewiththeclinicalobservationsofdoctorsinvariouslocations,itissuitableformild,moderateandseverecases,andcanbeusedreasonablywiththeconsiderationoftheactualconditionsofcriticallyillpatients.
Thebasicformula:MaHuang(EphedraeHerba)9g,ZhiGanCao(GlycyrrhizaeRadix)6g,XingRen(ArmeniacaeSemen)9g,ShengShiGao(Gypsumfibrosum)(decoctedfirst)15-30g,GuiZhi(CinnamomiRamulus)9g,ZeXie(AlismatisRhizoma)9g,ZhuLing(Polyporus)9g,BaiZhu(AtractylodismacrocephalaeRhizoma)9g,FuLing(Poria)15g,ChaiHu(BupleuriRadix)16g,HuangQin(ScutellariaeRadix)6g,JiangBanXia(PinellinaeRhizomaPraeparatum)9g,ShengJiang(ZingiberisRhizomarecens)9g,ZiWan(AsterisRadix)9g,KuanDongHua(FarfaraeFlos)9g,SheGan(BelamcandaeRhizoma)9g,XiXin(AsariRadixetRhizoma)6g,ShanYao(DioscoreaeRhizoma)12g,ZhiShi(AurantiiFructusimmaturus)6g,ChenPi(CitrireticulataePericarpium)6g,HuoXiang(PogostemonisHerba)9g.
Administration:traditionalChineseherbalpiecesindecoction.Onepackageperday.Takewarmtwice(40minutesaftermealinthemorningandevening).Onecourseoftreatmentisforthreepackages.
Ifpossible,halfbowlofricesoupaftertakingthedecoctionisadvised.Forthepatientswithdrytongueduetofluiddepletion,onebowlofricesoupissuggested.(Note:Ifnofever,thedosageofgypsumshouldbereduced.Incasewithfeverorhighfever,theamountofgypsumcanbeincreased.Ifthesymptomsimprovebutnottoallyrecovered,continuethesecondcourseoftreatment.Ifthepatienthasaspecialconditionorotherunderlyingdiseases,theformulacanbemodifiedaccordingtotheactualsituationinthesecondcourse.Ifthesymptomsdisappear,thedrugshouldbediscontinued.
Reference:TheGeneralOfficeoftheNationalHealthCommissionofthepeople’sRepublicofChinaTheOfficeoftheNationalAdministrationofTraditionalChineseMedicine“NoticeonRe 2)Mildcase
①Cold-dampconstraintinthelungpattern
Clinicalmanifestation:fever,fatigue,generalizedbodyaches,cough,expectoration,chesttightnessandlaboredbreathing,poorappetite,nausea,vomitingandstickystool,paleenlargedtonguewithtoothmarksorlightredtongueandcoatingwhichiswhite,thick,curd-like,andgreasyorwhiteandgreasy,andsoggyofslipperypulse.
Re Administration:onepackagedaily,mlafterdecocting,divideintothreetimes,equallyinthemorning,afternoonandevening,takebeforemeal.
②Damp-heataccumulationinthelungpattern
Clinicalmanifestation:low-gradefeverorabsenceoffever,slightaversiontocold,fatigue,heavysensationintheheadandbody,musclesoreness,drycoughwithlittlesputum,sorethroat,thirstwithoutdesiretodrink,orac Re Administration:onepackdaily,mlafterdecocting,divideintotwice,andhalfinthemorningandhalfintheevening.
3)Moderatecase
①Damp-toxinconstraintinthelungpattern
Clinicalmanifestation:fever,coughwithlittlesputumoryellowsputum,chesttightnessandshortnessofbreath,abdominaldistension,andconstipationwithdifficultdefecation.Thetonguebodyisdark-red,andtongueshapeisenlarged.Thecotaingisyellowgreasyoryellowdry.Thepulseisslipperyandrapidorwiryandslippery.
Re Administration:onepackagedaily,mlafterdecocting,andequallydivideintotwice,inthemorningandevening.
②Cold-dampobstructingthelungpattern
Clinicalmanifestation:low-gradefever,unsurfacedfeverornofever,drycoughwithlittlesputum,lassitudeandfatigue,chesttightness,stomachdis Re Administration:onepackagedaily,mlafterdecocting,andequallydivideintotwice,inthemorningandevening.
4)Severecase
①Epidemictoxinblockingthelungpattern
Clinicalmanifestation:feverwithredface,coughwithlittleyellowandstickysputum,orblood-stainedsputum,chesttightnessandshortofbreath,lassitude,dryness,bitternessandstickinessinthemouth,nauseaandlossofappetite,difficultdefecation,andscantydarkurine.Thetongueisredwithyellowgreasycoating.Thepulseisslipperyandrapid.
Re Thebasicformula:ShengMaHuang(EphedraeHerba)6g,XingRen(ArmeniacaeSemen)9g,ShengShiGao(Gypsumfibrosum)15g,GanCao(GlycyrrhizaeRadix)3g,HuoXiang(PogostemonisHerba)(addedlater)10g,HouPo(MagnoliaeofficinalisCortex)10g,CangZhu(AtractylodisRhizoma)15g,CaoGuo(TsaokoFructus)10g,FaBanXia(PinellinaeRhizomaPraeparatum)9g,FuLing(Poria)15g,ShengDaHuang(RheiRadixetRhizoma)(addedlater)5g,ShengHuangQi(AstragaliRadix)10g,TingLiZi(Lepidii/DescurainiaeSemen)10g,ChiShao(PaeoniaeRadixrubra)10g.
Administration:1-2packagesdaily,decoction,-mleachtime,2-4timesperday,oraladministrationornasalfeeding.
②Blazingofbothqiandyingpattern
Clinicalmanifestation:highfeverwithpolydipsia,tachypnoeaandshortnessofbreath,deliriumandunconsciousness,blurredvisionorac Re Administration:onepackdaily,decoction,ShiGaoandShuiNiuJiaoshouldbedecoctedfirst,-mleachtime,2-4timesperday,oraladministrationornasalfeeding.
Re 5)Criticalcase
①Internalblockageandexternaldesertionpattern
Clinicalmanifestation:Dyspnea,pantingonexertionormechanicalventilationrequired,ac Re Ifthereismechanicalventilationwithabdominaldistension,constipationordifficultdefecation,5-10gofShengDaHuang(RheiRadixetRhizoma)canbeconsidered.Ifpatient-ventilatorasynchronyoccurs,5-10gofShengDaHuangand5-10gofMangXiao(NatriiSulfas)canbeusedtogetherwithsedationandmusclerelaxant.
Re Note:Re TheuseofTCMinjectionsfollowstheprincipleofstartingfromasmalldosageandmodifyingbasedonpatternidentificationintheinstructions.There Viralinfectionor Highfeverwithdisturbanceofconsciousness:0.9%sodiumchlorideinjectionmlwithXingnaojinginjection20ml(bid).
Systemicinflammatoryresponsesyndrome(SIRS)or/andmultipleorganfailure(MOF):0.9%sodiumchlorideinjectionmlwithXuebijinginjectionml(bid).
Immunosuppression:glucoseinjectionmlwithShenmaiinjectionmlorShengmaiinjection20-60ml(bid).
6)Convalescence
①Lung-spleenqideficiencypattern
Clinicalmanifestation:shortnessofbreath,lassitudeandfatigue,poorappetitewithnauseaandvomiting,abdominalfullness,asenseofin Re Administration:onepackagedaily,mlafterdecocting,andequallydivideintotwiceinthemorningandevening.
②Deficiencyofbothqiandyinpattern
Clinicalmanifestation:fatigue,shortnessofbreath,drymouth,thirst,heartpalpitation,profusesweating,poorappetite,low-gradefeverornofever,drycoughwithlittlesputum.Thetongueisdrytonguewithscantyfluid.Thepulseisthreadyorweakandforceless.
Re Administration:onepackagedaily,mlafterdecocting,andequallydivideintotwiceinthemorningandevening.
TranslatedbyBeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine
声明:本文内容来源于国家中医药管理局